19th & 20th Century Medicine
During this period a more scientific approach was adopted and a number of prominent medical schools were opened. Early understanding of physiology was discovered by its founding father Jakob Henle who studied the anatomy and functions of the body. Other innovators included Robert Virchow the founding father of cellular pathology. And the famous Louis Pasteur made advances in the area of microbiology. Pasteur contributed to the study of rabies, anthrax and silkworm diseases as well as providing vaccines. He was rigorous in testing his theories and much of his work acted as a catalyst for the later development of microbiology, bacteriology, virology, immunology to name but a few.
Clinical advances were not widely practiced until Joseph Lister was to prove that surgery would be safer by cleanliness, disinfecting of equipment and the washing of hands. Even these practices were thought eccentric at the time. It was during this era that modern day anesthesia was developed by William Morton. Surgery became less painful with the use of administered morphine and similar drugs.
During the early 20th century antibiotics became available. Treatments were made available in the combating of syphilis through the work of Paul Ehrlich. Further advances were made by the works of Alexander Fleming who was the founding father of today's penicillin. World War 1 gave us chemotherapy as a result of the effects of mustard gas and radiotherapy was developed by the advances made by Madam Curie and her husband. | 
